Newton's AI Medical Calculators

1

BMI & BSA Calculator

Calculates Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Surface Area (BSA).

Weight:

Height:

Body Surface Area (BSA) - Mosteller

Note: BMI may be less accurate in certain populations.

2

CrCl (Cockcroft-Gault)

Estimates creatinine clearance for medication dosing adjustments.

Age (years):

Gender:

Weight:

Serum Creatinine:

Note: Accuracy may be reduced in certain populations. Consider eGFR (CKD-EPI) for staging.

3

CHA₂DS₂-VASc Score

Assesses stroke risk in atrial fibrillation to guide anticoagulation.

Select Applicable Conditions:

CHF/LV dysfunction (1pt)

Hypertension (1pt)

Age ≥ 75 years (2pts)

Diabetes Mellitus (1pt)

Stroke/TIA/TE (2pts)

Vascular Disease (MI, PAD, Plaque) (1pt)

Age 65-74 years (1pt)

Female Sex (1pt)

Note: Consult guidelines for therapy based on score and sex. Consider HAS-BLED for bleeding risk.

4

eGFR (CKD-EPI 2021)

Estimates Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) using the 2021 CKD-EPI race-free equation.

Age (years):

Sex assigned at birth:

Serum Creatinine:

Note: Uses the CKD-EPI 2021 race-free equation for staging Chronic Kidney Disease.

5

Wells' Score for DVT

Evaluates pretest probability of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Note: Use with clinical judgment +/- D-dimer/imaging based on 2-tier risk (Score ≤1 unlikely, ≥2 likely).

6

Wells' Score for PE

Evaluates pretest probability of pulmonary embolism (PE).

Select Applicable Criteria:

Clinical signs/symptoms of DVT (3pts)

PE is #1 diagnosis OR equally likely (3pts)

Heart rate > 100 bpm (1.5pts)

Immobilization ≥3d / Surgery <4wk (1.5pts)

Previous DVT/PE (1.5pts)

Hemoptysis (1pt)

Malignancy (active/treatment <6mo/palliative) (1pt)

Note: Use with PERC/D-dimer/imaging based on 2-tier risk (Score ≤4 unlikely, >4 likely).

7

Serum Anion Gap

Calculates the anion gap, useful in metabolic acidosis.

Sodium (Na⁺) (mEq/L):

Chloride (Cl⁻) (mEq/L):

Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) (mEq/L):

Albumin (g/dL) (optional):

Note: Normal range ~3-11 mEq/L. Correction recommended if albumin abnormal.

8

Corrected QT (QTc)

Calculates corrected QT interval for arrhythmia risk assessment.

QT Interval (ms):

Input Value:

Input Type:

Formula:

Note: Normal ranges vary. >450(M)/460(F) ms often prolonged, >500 ms high risk. Formula choice matters at extremes of HR.

9

Sodium Correction (Hyperglycemia)

Adjusts serum sodium level for the effect of high blood glucose.

Measured Serum Sodium (mEq/L):

Serum Glucose:

Corrected Sodium (Katz Formula)

Note: Adds 1.6 mEq/L Na⁺ for every 100 mg/dL glucose over 100 mg/dL. Reflects true sodium status assuming hyperglycemia is corrected.

10

Maintenance Fluids (Holliday-Segar)

Estimates daily maintenance fluid requirement based on weight.

Weight:

Total Daily Fluid (mL/day)

Approximate Hourly Rate (mL/hr)

Note: Holliday-Segar method (100/50/20 rule per kg). Adjust based on clinical status (fever, losses, etc.). Capped at ~2400 mL/day.

11

Ideal & Adjusted Body Weight

Calculates Ideal Body Weight (IBW) and Adjusted Body Weight (ABW) for dosing or nutrition.

Height:

Gender:

Actual Weight (for ABW):

Ideal Body Weight (IBW) - Devine

Note: Devine formula (requires height ≥ 60 in). ABW = IBW + 0.4 * (Actual - IBW). Used for some drug dosing.

12

LDL Cholesterol (Calculated)

Estimates LDL cholesterol using the Friedewald equation.

Total Cholesterol:

HDL Cholesterol:

Triglycerides:

Units:

Calculated LDL Cholesterol

Note: Friedewald: LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/Divisor). Invalid if TG > 400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L) or non-fasting.

13

Centor Score (Modified/McIsaac)

Estimates probability of Group A Strep pharyngitis to guide testing/treatment.

Clinical Criteria:

Fever (>38°C / 100.4°F) (1pt)

Absence of Cough (1pt)

Tender Anterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy (1pt)

Tonsillar Swelling or Exudates (1pt)

Age Group:

Note: Score guides management (no test, test, empiric treatment). Consult local guidelines.

14

HAS-BLED Score

Estimates 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients on anticoagulation for AFib.

Select Applicable Risk Factors:

Hypertension (uncontrolled SBP >160) (1pt)

Abnormal Renal Fxn (dialysis, transplant, Cr >2.26/>200) (1pt)

Abnormal Liver Fxn (cirrhosis, Bili >2x ULN + Enz >3x ULN) (1pt)

Stroke history (1pt)

Bleeding history or predisposition (1pt)

Labile INR (TTR < 60% on warfarin) (1pt)

Elderly (Age > 65 years) (1pt)

Drugs (concomitant NSAIDs, antiplatelets) (1pt)

Alcohol (≥ 8 drinks/week) (1pt)

Note: Score ≥ 3 indicates high risk. Address modifiable risk factors. Does not preclude anticoagulation if indicated by CHA₂DS₂-VASc.

15

Free Water Deficit

Estimates the amount of free water needed to correct hypernatremia.

Current Serum Sodium (mEq/L):

Target Serum Sodium (mEq/L):

Weight:

Total Body Water % (Estimate):

Estimated Free Water Deficit (Liters)

Note: FWD = TBW x [(Current Na / Target Na) - 1]. Replace deficit slowly (e.g., ≤ 10-12 mEq/L Na⁺ correction per 24h) monitoring Na⁺ closely. Consider ongoing losses.

16

Serum Osmolality (Calculated)

Calculates serum osmolality, useful in evaluating hyponatremia, toxins, etc.

Sodium (Na⁺) (mEq/L):

Glucose:

BUN / Urea:

Ethanol (mg/dL) (Optional):

Calculated Osmolality (mOsm/kg)

Note: Formula: 2*Na + Gluc(mg/dL)/18 + BUN(mg/dL)/2.8 (+ EtOH(mg/dL)/4.6 if provided). Normal ~275-295 mOsm/kg. Compare with measured osmolality for Osm Gap (>10-15 suggests unmeasured osmoles).

17

Calcium Correction (Albumin)

Adjusts total serum calcium for low albumin levels.

Measured Total Calcium:

Serum Albumin:

Corrected Total Calcium

Note: Formula: Corrected Ca (mg/dL) = Measured Ca (mg/dL) + 0.8 * (4.0 - Albumin (g/dL)). Estimates physiologically active calcium. Ionized calcium is the gold standard if available.

18

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Assesses level of consciousness after head injury or in altered mental status.

Eye Opening Response (E):

Verbal Response (V):

Motor Response (M):

Injury Severity

Note: Score ranges from 3 (deep coma) to 15 (fully awake). If intubated (T), verbal score is not assessable but often assigned 1 for total score calculation.

19

Alvarado Score for Appendicitis

Clinical score to aid in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

Symptoms (1 point each):

Migratory RLQ Pain

Anorexia

Nausea/Vomiting

Signs:

RLQ Tenderness (2 pts)

Rebound Tenderness (1 pt)

Elevated Temperature (>37.3°C / 99.1°F) (1 pt)

Laboratory:

Leukocytosis (>10,000/mm³) (2 pts)

Neutrophil Left Shift (>75%) (1 pt)

Note: Score ≤ 4 unlikely, 5-6 possible, ≥ 7 probable appendicitis. Clinical judgment and imaging often required.

20

Light's Criteria for Pleural Effusion

Differentiates between exudative and transudative pleural effusions.

Pleural Fluid Protein (g/dL):

Serum Protein (g/dL):

Pleural Fluid LDH (IU/L):

Serum LDH (IU/L):

Serum LDH Upper Limit of Normal (IU/L):

Note: Exudate if ANY are met: PF/Serum Prot > 0.5, PF/Serum LDH > 0.6, OR PF LDH > 2/3 Serum LDH ULN. Otherwise, transudate.

21

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Calculates Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) from systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Systolic BP (mmHg):

Diastolic BP (mmHg):

Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg)

Note: MAP = DBP + 1/3 * (SBP - DBP). Target MAP often > 65 mmHg for adequate organ perfusion.

22

eGFR (MDRD)

Estimates GFR using the original MDRD Study equation.

Serum Creatinine:

Age (years):

Gender:

Race:

Note: MDRD equation is less accurate > 60 mL/min/1.73m². CKD-EPI is generally preferred.

23

Fractional Excretion of Na (FENa)

Helps differentiate prerenal AKI from intrinsic AKI (ATN).

Urine Sodium (mEq/L):

Plasma/Serum Sodium (mEq/L):

Urine Creatinine:

Plasma/Serum Creatinine:

Note: FENa = (U_Na * P_Cr) / (P_Na * U_Cr) * 100. <1% suggests prerenal, >2% suggests ATN. Less reliable with diuretics.

24

FIB-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis

Estimates liver fibrosis severity in chronic liver disease (e.g., HCV, HBV, NAFLD).

Age (years):

AST (IU/L):

Platelet Count (x10⁹/L or K/µL):

ALT (IU/L):

Note: FIB-4 = (Age * AST) / (Platelets * √ALT). <1.45 low risk advanced fibrosis, >3.25 high risk. Intermediate requires further eval. Cutoffs may vary.

25

ABCD² Score for TIA Risk

Estimates short-term stroke risk after a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA).

Criteria:

Age ≥ 60 years (1pt)

Blood Pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg (1pt)

Clinical Features:

Duration of Symptoms:

Diabetes Mellitus history (1pt)

Note: Score predicts 2-day stroke risk: 0-3 (Low ~1%), 4-5 (Moderate ~4%), 6-7 (High ~8%). Guides urgency of evaluation/admission.

26

Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME)

Calculates total daily opioid dose in MME. Add each opioid separately.

Opioid:

Daily Dose (mg, or mcg/hr for Fentanyl patch):

Total Daily MME

Note: CDC Guideline: Use caution ≥50 MME/day, avoid ≥90 MME/day. Conversions are estimates and require clinical judgment, especially for methadone/fentanyl. Patch conversion: (mcg/hr * 2.4).

27

Steroid Conversion

Converts between different corticosteroid doses based on relative anti-inflammatory potency.

Convert From:

Dose (mg):

Convert To:

Note: Based on anti-inflammatory equivalencies (e.g., Prednisone 5mg ≈ Hydrocortisone 20mg). Mineralocorticoid effects vary. Clinical judgment required.

28

Child-Pugh Score for Cirrhosis

Estimates severity and prognosis of chronic liver disease, primarily cirrhosis.

Hepatic Encephalopathy Grade:

Ascites:

Total Bilirubin:

Serum Albumin:

INR (or Prothrombin Time):

(If using PT seconds, enter value and see note)

Note: Points: Bili <2/<34 (1), 2-3/34-51 (2), >3/>51 (3). Alb >3.5/>35 (1), 2.8-3.5/28-35 (2), <2.8/<28 (3). INR <1.7 (1), 1.7-2.3 (2), >2.3 (3). (Approx PT: <4s (1), 4-6s (2), >6s prolongation (3)). Class A (5-6), B (7-9), C (10-15).

29

CURB-65 Score for Pneumonia

Predicts mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to guide site-of-care decisions.

Select Applicable Criteria (1 point each):

Confusion (New disorientation)

Urea > 7 mmol/L (or BUN > 19 mg/dL)

Respiratory Rate ≥ 30 breaths/min

Blood Pressure (SBP < 90 mmHg or DBP ≤ 60 mmHg)

Age ≥ 65 years

Note: Score 0-1 (Low risk, outpatient), 2 (Moderate risk, consider inpatient), ≥3 (High risk, inpatient +/- ICU). Consider PSI/PORT score for more detail.

30

PERC Rule for PE

Helps rule out Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in low-risk patients without further testing (e.g., D-dimer).

Check if ANY of the following criteria are PRESENT:

Age ≥ 50 years

Heart Rate ≥ 100 bpm

O₂ Saturation < 95% on room air

Hemoptysis

Exogenous Estrogen use

Surgery/Trauma requiring hospitalization within 4 weeks

Prior DVT or PE

Unilateral leg swelling

Note: Only apply if clinical gestalt for PE is low (e.g., <15%). If ALL criteria are ABSENT (Score=0), PE is effectively ruled out. If ANY criterion is PRESENT (Score>0), PERC rule is POSITIVE and cannot rule out PE; proceed with further testing (e.g., D-dimer, Wells').

31

PHQ-9 Depression Screen

Screens for and assesses severity of depression based on DSM-V criteria.

Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems?

1. Little interest or pleasure in doing things

2. Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless

3. Trouble falling/staying asleep, or sleeping too much

4. Feeling tired or having little energy

5. Poor appetite or overeating

6. Feeling bad about yourself - or that you are a failure or have let yourself or your family down

7. Trouble concentrating on things, such as reading the newspaper or watching television

8. Moving or speaking so slowly that other people could have noticed? Or the opposite - being so fidgety or restless that you have been moving around a lot more than usual

9. Thoughts that you would be better off dead, or of hurting yourself in some way

Note: Score 1-4 (Minimal), 5-9 (Mild), 10-14 (Moderate), 15-19 (Mod. Severe), 20-27 (Severe). Positive response to Q9 requires urgent safety assessment.

32

STOP-BANG Score for OSA Risk

Screens for risk of moderate to severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).

Select if PRESENT (1 point each):

Snoring (Loudly)?

Tired (Often feel tired/fatigued during daytime)?

Observed (Anyone observed you stop breathing during sleep)?

Pressure (High blood pressure - treated or untreated)?

BMI > 35 kg/m²?

Age > 50 years?

Neck Circumference Large? (>40cm / ~16in)

Gender Male?

Note: Score 0-2 (Low risk), 3-4 (Intermediate risk), 5-8 (High risk) of moderate-severe OSA. Consider referral/sleep study based on risk.

33

CIWA-Ar Alcohol Withdrawal Scale

Assesses severity of alcohol withdrawal to guide treatment (e.g., benzodiazepines).

Nausea and Vomiting:

Tremor (Arms extended, fingers spread):

Paroxysmal Sweats:

Anxiety:

Agitation:

Tactile Disturbances:

Auditory Disturbances:

Visual Disturbances:

Headache, Fullness in Head:

Orientation and Clouding of Sensorium:

Note: Score <8-10 (Mild withdrawal, supportive care), 10-18 (Moderate, consider BZD), ≥19 (Severe, likely requires BZD). Max score 67. Follow protocol for reassessment frequency.

34

HEART Score for MACE

Predicts 6-week risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) in ED patients with chest pain.

History:

ECG:

Age:

Risk Factors (Select all applicable, max 2 points):

Hypertension

Hypercholesterolemia

Diabetes Mellitus

Obesity (BMI > 30)

Smoking (Current or within 3 mo)

Family History (Parent/sibling < 65)

Atherosclerotic Disease (Prior MI, PCI/CABG, CVA/TIA, PAD)

Troponin:

Note: Score 0-3 (Low risk, ~1-2% MACE, consider discharge), 4-6 (Intermediate risk, ~12-17% MACE, admit for observation), 7-10 (High risk, ~50-65% MACE, early invasive strategy). MACE = MI, PCI, CABG, death.

35

Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI)

Estimates risk of major cardiac complications (MI, pulm edema, VF/cardiac arrest, complete heart block) after noncardiac surgery.

Select Applicable Risk Factors (1 point each):

High-Risk Surgery (Intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, suprainguinal vascular)

History of Ischemic Heart Disease (MI, +stress test, current angina, use of nitrates, Q waves)

History of Congestive Heart Failure

History of Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke or TIA)

Preoperative treatment with Insulin

Preoperative Serum Creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL (> 177 µmol/L)

Note: Risk of major cardiac complication: 0 pts (~0.4%), 1 pt (~0.9%), 2 pts (~6.6%), ≥3 pts (~11%). Guides preoperative evaluation/management.

36

Padua Score for VTE Risk

Assesses risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized medical patients to guide prophylaxis.

Note: Score < 4 (Low VTE risk, prophylaxis generally not needed), Score ≥ 4 (High VTE risk, pharmacologic prophylaxis recommended unless contraindicated).

37

Canadian CT Head Rule

Identifies minor head injury patients who do NOT require CT imaging. Applicable for GCS 13-15 after trauma.

High Risk Factors (Need CT if ANY present):

GCS score < 15 at 2 hours post-injury

Suspected open or depressed skull fracture

Any sign of basilar skull fracture (hemotympanum, 'raccoon eyes', CSF otorrhea/rhinorrhea, Battle's sign)

≥ 2 episodes of vomiting

Age ≥ 65 years

Medium Risk Factors (Need CT if ANY present):

Amnesia before impact ≥ 30 minutes

Dangerous mechanism (pedestrian struck, occupant ejected, fall > 3 feet / 5 stairs)

Note: For minor head injury (GCS 13-15, witnessed LOC/amnesia/disorientation). If ANY factor is present, CT is indicated. If ALL factors are absent, CT is not required. Excludes anticoagulation, seizure post-injury.

38

Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS)

Stratifies risk in upper GI bleeding (UGIB) to identify low-risk patients suitable for outpatient management.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN):

Hemoglobin (g/dL) - Male:

Hemoglobin (g/dL) - Female:

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg):

Other Markers (Select all applicable):

Pulse ≥ 100 bpm (1pt)

Presentation with Melena (1pt)

Presentation with Syncope (2pts)

History of Hepatic Disease (2pts)

History of Cardiac Failure (2pts)

Note: Score 0 identifies low-risk patients (very low risk of needing intervention/transfusion/death) who may be suitable for outpatient management. Higher scores indicate increased risk. BUN points: 18-22/6.5-7.9 (2), 22-28/8-9.9 (3), 28-70/10-24.9 (4), >70/>25 (6). Hb Male points: 12-13 (1), 10-12 (3), <10 (6). Hb Female points: 10-12 (1), <10 (6). SBP points: 100-109 (1), 90-99 (2), <90 (3).

39

PECARN Head Injury Rule

Predicts risk of clinically important Traumatic Brain Injury (ciTBI) in children after minor head trauma to guide CT use.

Patient Age Group:

Criteria for CT (Age < 2):

Altered Mental Status (GCS < 15, Agitation, Somnolence, Repetitive questioning, Slow response)

Palpable Skull Fracture

Observation vs CT Factors (Age < 2):

Loss of Consciousness ≥ 5 seconds

Severe Mechanism of Injury (Fall >3ft, Head struck by high-impact object, MVA with ejection/rollover/death, Pedestrian/Bicyclist without helmet struck by vehicle)

Non-frontal Scalp Hematoma

Not Acting Normally Per Parent

Note: For minor blunt head trauma within 24h, GCS ≥ 14. If ANY "Criteria for CT" met -> CT recommended. If NONE met, but ANY "Observation vs CT Factors" met -> Observation vs CT based on clinical judgment/shared decision making. If NO factors met -> CT not recommended (ciTBI risk <0.05%).

40

Caprini Score for VTE Risk (2005)

Stratifies VTE risk in surgical patients to guide prophylaxis decisions.

Current Procedure / Condition:

Minor surgery planned (1pt)

Major open surgery (>45 min) (2pts)

Laparoscopic surgery (>45 min) (2pts)

Arthroscopic surgery (2pts)

Elective arthroplasty (hip/knee) or Hip, pelvis, leg fracture (5pts)

Confined to bed (>72 hours) (2pts)

Note: Risk Categories: 0 (Very Low, ~0.5%), 1-2 (Low, ~1.5%), 3-4 (Moderate, ~3%), ≥5 (High, ~6%). Guides type/duration of VTE prophylaxis (e.g., mechanical, pharmacologic). Consult institutional guidelines.

41

SIRS, Sepsis, Septic Shock Criteria

Defines Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sepsis, and Septic Shock (based on Sepsis-2 definitions).

SIRS Criteria (Need ≥2):

Temperature > 38°C (100.4°F) or < 36°C (96.8°F)

Heart Rate > 90 bpm

Respiratory Rate > 20 breaths/min or PaCO₂ < 32 mmHg

WBC > 12,000/mm³, < 4,000/mm³, or > 10% bands

Sepsis Definition:

Meets ≥2 SIRS criteria

Confirmed or Suspected Infection Source

Severe Sepsis Definition (Sepsis + ≥1 Organ Dysfunction):

Sepsis-induced hypotension (SBP < 90, MAP < 70, or SBP drop > 40)

Lactate > Upper limit of normal

Urine output < 0.5 mL/kg/hr for > 2 hrs despite fluid resuscitation

Acute lung injury with PaO₂/FiO₂ < 250 (no pneumonia) or < 200 (with pneumonia)

Creatinine > 2.0 mg/dL or increase > 0.5 mg/dL

Bilirubin > 2 mg/dL

Platelet count < 100,000/µL

INR > 1.5 or aPTT > 60 sec

Septic Shock Definition:

Meets Severe Sepsis criteria

Sepsis-induced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resuscitation

Note: Based on 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS definitions (Sepsis-2). Sepsis-3 (2016) uses SOFA/qSOFA and defines sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection, and septic shock as sepsis with persistent hypotension requiring vasopressors AND lactate > 2 mmol/L despite fluid resuscitation.

42

Pregnancy Due Date Calculator

Calculates Estimated Due Date (EDD), Gestational Age, and Conception Date.

Calculate based on:

LMP Date:

Conception Date:

EDD:

Ultrasound Date:

Gestational Age at Ultrasound:

Today's Date (for GA calculation):

Note: LMP calculation assumes a 28-day cycle with ovulation on day 14 (Naegele's rule: LMP + 280 days). Conception date adds 266 days. Ultrasound dating is often most accurate, especially in early pregnancy. All dates are estimates.

43

NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)

Quantifies stroke severity. Sum of scores for each item (Max 42).

1a. Level of Consciousness (LOC):

1b. LOC Questions (Month, Age):

1c. LOC Commands (Open/close eyes, Grip/release hand):

2. Best Gaze:

3. Visual Fields:

4. Facial Palsy:

5. Motor Arm (Left):

5. Motor Arm (Right):

6. Motor Leg (Left):

6. Motor Leg (Right):

7. Limb Ataxia:

8. Sensory:

9. Best Language:

10. Dysarthria:

11. Extinction and Inattention (Neglect):

Note: Score interpretation: 0=No stroke, 1-4=Minor, 5-15=Moderate, 16-20=Moderate-Severe, 21-42=Severe. Untestable items (9) are excluded from the sum. Requires certified training for accurate use.

44

SOFA Score

Assesses organ dysfunction/failure severity in ICU patients. Higher score indicates higher mortality.

Respiration (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio):

(Use PaO₂ in mmHg, FiO₂ as fraction e.g., 0.4 for 40%)

Receiving Mechanical Ventilation / CPAP?

Coagulation (Platelets x10³/µL):

Liver (Bilirubin):

Cardiovascular (Hypotension / Vasopressors):

Central Nervous System (Glasgow Coma Scale):

Renal (Creatinine or Urine Output):

OR Urine Output (mL/day):

Total SOFA Score

Note: Score ranges 0-24. Used to track organ dysfunction over time in ICU. Change in SOFA score is prognostic. Sepsis-3 uses change ≥2 points. See specific criteria for points per category.

45

MELD-Na Score (UNOS/OPTN)

Quantifies end-stage liver disease severity for transplant listing, incorporating sodium.

Serum Creatinine (mg/dL):

Serum Bilirubin (mg/dL):

INR:

Serum Sodium (mEq/L):

Dialysis twice in the past 7 days?

MELD-Na Score

Note: Uses UNOS/OPTN 2016 formula. Values capped/floored: Cr ≥1.2 floored to 1.2 if dialysis, max 4.0; Bili/INR floored to 1.0; Na 125-137 mEq/L. Score range 6-40. Predicts 3-month mortality.

46

ABG Analyzer

Interprets Arterial Blood Gas results.

pH:

PaCO₂ (mmHg):

HCO₃⁻ (mEq/L):

Sodium (mEq/L) (Optional, for AG):

Chloride (mEq/L) (Optional, for AG):

Note: Interpretation based on standard ranges (pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO₂ 35-45, HCO₃⁻ 22-26). Compensation rules applied (e.g., Winter's formula for metabolic acidosis). Anion Gap = Na - (Cl + HCO₃). Delta Ratio = (AG - 12) / (24 - HCO₃).

47

ASCVD Risk Score (2013)

Estimates 10-year risk of hard ASCVD (MI, stroke, CHD/stroke death) using Pooled Cohort Equations.

Age (years, 40-79):

Gender:

Race:

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL):

HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL):

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg):

On treatment for High Blood Pressure?

History of Diabetes?

Current Smoker?

10-Year ASCVD Risk

Note: Based on 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline Pooled Cohort Equations. Validated for ages 40-79, White and African American individuals without prior ASCVD. Risk thresholds for statin therapy: Low (<5%), Borderline (5-<7.5%), Intermediate (7.5-<20%), High (≥20%). Consider risk enhancers/discussion.

48

PSI/PORT Score for Pneumonia

Estimates mortality for adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to guide site-of-care decisions.

Age (years):

Gender:

Demographics:

Nursing Home Resident (+10)

Comorbidities:

Neoplastic Disease (+30)

Liver Disease (+20)

Congestive Heart Failure (+10)

Cerebrovascular Disease (+10)

Renal Disease (+10)

Physical Exam Findings:

Altered Mental Status (+20)

Respiratory Rate ≥ 30/min (+20)

Systolic BP < 90 mmHg (+20)

Temperature < 35°C (95°F) or ≥ 40°C (104°F) (+15)

Pulse ≥ 125/min (+10)

Laboratory/Imaging Findings:

Arterial pH < 7.35 (+30)

BUN:

(≥30 mg/dL or ≥11 mmol/L Urea adds +20)

Sodium (mEq/L): (< 130 mEq/L adds +20)

Glucose:

(≥250 mg/dL or ≥14 mmol/L adds +10)

Hematocrit (%): (< 30% adds +10)

PaO₂ (mmHg) or O₂ Sat (%): (< 60 mmHg adds +10)

(Use if PaO₂ unavailable. < 90% adds +10)

Pleural Effusion on CXR (+10)

Note: Risk Class / Mortality / Recommendation: I (≤50, 0.1%, Outpt), II (51-70, 0.6%, Outpt), III (71-90, 0.9-2.8%, Outpt/Obs), IV (91-130, 8.2-9.3%, Inpt), V (>130, 27-29.2%, Inpt/ICU). Age points = Age (male) or Age-10 (female).

49

Sodium Correction Rate

Estimates the change in serum sodium after 1L of IV fluid (Adrogue-Madias formula) and calculates infusion rate for desired correction speed.

Current Serum Na⁺ (mEq/L):

Target Serum Na⁺ (mEq/L):

Weight (kg):

Gender (for TBW estimate):

IV Fluid Type:

Desired Correction Time (hours):

(Max recommended rate often ≤ 8-10 mEq/L per 24h for hyponatremia)

Note: Change in Na⁺ ≈ (Infusate [Na+K] - Serum Na⁺) / (TBW + 1). TBW ≈ Weight * (0.6 Male, 0.5 Female/Elderly Male, 0.45 Elderly Female). This is an estimate; frequent Na⁺ monitoring is crucial. Risk of ODS with rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia.

50

GRACE ACS Risk Score

Estimates in-hospital and 6-month mortality for patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Age (years):

Heart Rate (bpm):

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg):

Serum Creatinine:

Killip Class:

Cardiac Arrest at Admission? (+39)

ST Segment Deviation? (+28)

Elevated Cardiac Enzymes? (+14)

GRACE Score

Note: Score predicts risk. In-hospital mortality risk groups: Low (≤108, <1%), Intermediate (109-140, 1-3%), High (>140, >3%). 6-month mortality risk groups: Low (≤88, <3%), Intermediate (89-118, 3-8%), High (>118, >8%). Guides intensity of therapy/invasive strategy.

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APACHE II Score

Estimates ICU mortality based on Acute Physiology Score (APS), Age Points, and Chronic Health Points.

Temperature (°C, Rectal):

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP, mmHg):

Heart Rate (bpm):

Respiratory Rate (breaths/min):

Oxygenation (Choose one):

A-aDO₂ (mmHg) if FiO₂ ≥ 0.5:

PaO₂ (mmHg) if FiO₂ < 0.5:

Arterial pH:

Serum Sodium (mEq/L):

Serum Potassium (mEq/L):

Serum Creatinine (mg/dL):

Acute Renal Failure? (Doubles Cr points)

Hematocrit (%):

White Blood Cell Count (WBC, K/µL):

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS):

Score = 15 - Actual GCS

Age (years):

Chronic Health Status: (Severe: Liver cirrhosis, NYHA IV CHF, Severe COPD, Chronic Dialysis, Immunocompromised)

APACHE II Score

Note: Uses worst value in first 24h ICU stay. Score = APS + Age Points + Chronic Health Points. Mortality estimate is approximate and varies by diagnosis. APS max 60, Age max 6, Chronic max 5. Total max 71.